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NEWS

AIRMINEX S.A.;

AERO COMERCIAL PERUANA S.A.

&

AUSTRALIAN GEOLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING SERVICES; 

Announce

SOUTH AMERICAN AIRBORNE SPECTRAL SURVEY OPPORTUNITIES

Aero Comercial Peruana S.A. and Australian Geological and Remote Sensing Services (AGARSS Pty. Ltd.) are pleased to announce that they will jointly operate airborne multi- and hyper-spectral surveys in South America during 1999 under the name of a new Peruvian joint venture company, Airborne Mineral Exploration (AirMinEx S.A.). 

The partners will re-locate the refurbished Geoscan Airborne MultiSpectral Scanner (AMSS) now owned by Australian company SpecTerra Systems (STS) to Lima  in August and are also  assisting Canadian company Borstad Associates and American company Spectral International Inc. with the importation and operation of the  Shortwave infra-red Full Spectrum Imager (SFSI) .  AirMinEx and their associates will thus be able to offer both multi- and hyper-spectral data collection, processing and production of interpretive mineral index maps to the South American mineral exploration community at large. 

Peruvian air services company Aero Commercial are excited about bringing airborne remote sensing technologies to Peru and will take responsibility for organising and carrying out all the airborne operations.   Australian company, AGARSS has a long association with the development and application of remote sensing technologies and  a long working association with South America and Peru in particular.  The company has developed significant expertise in the use of all types of remote sensing data, was responsible for recent  airborne remote sensing surveys in Peru and is the only outlet for the Geoscan data acquired in Chile, Bolivia and Brazil in 1992. 

The STS sensor has previously operated widely in Australia, the U.S.A., Chile, Bolivia and Brazil and has an impressive track record of use in mineral exploration.  Unique to this instrument is its Thermal Infra-Red module which allows the mapping of important alteration styles such as silicification and skarns which are very difficult to detect using alternative remote sensing instruments. The instrument’s two other spectrometers (visible-near infra-red and short wave infra-red) are similar to those in other systems which map iron oxides, hydrothermal alteration minerals such as pyrophyllite, alunite, kaolinite, sericite, illite, chlorite, epidote and carbonate minerals among many others.  This sensor acquires data at varying resolutions but  typically in the 8-10m range, in very broad swaths (8-10km) and is thus an excellent regional reconnaissance tool, especially in the difficult mountainous Andean terrain. 

The SFSI sensor was designed and constructed by the Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing and was initially developed for research purposes and to provide high spatial and spectral resolution imagery.  Having been modified for commercial operation by Borstad Associates, the instrument is now being flown concurrently with the CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager) to provide coverage in the VIS, NIR, and SWIR wavelength ranges.  The instrument was recently flown in both Peru and Chile on behalf of Barrick Mining and offers the explorer very detailed and sensitive alteration mineral discrimination, typically at a 4m pixel size over a 2km wide swath, over advanced exploration project areas.  With this instrument , it is possible to discriminate all of the minerals recogniseable by the STS sensor and also additional minerals such as dickite and different variations of the same mineral such as high and low temperature kaolinite and alunite for example. 

Survey costs for the STS AMSS will be US$40/sq.km. for an 8m pixel and will include geocoding of the data, processing and production of mineral index maps.  The SFSI surveys will cost US$150/sq.km for data acquisition with the cost of processing and mineral map production negotiable depending upon client requirements.  For both instruments, field checking and field spectrometer support are available at additional cost through Spectral International and AGARSS. 

The two instruments compliment each other, the STS AMSS providing relatively low cost recconnaissance data over large areas and the SFSI providing very detailed, highly focussed information over specific projects.  AirMinEx sees this initial campaign as being the forerunner of many similar surveys in Peru where the climate and vegetation in the west and high cordilleras are ideal for such technology and where the difficulty of access demands that geologists focus their exploration effort as much as possible.

Specifications of the instruments and mode of operation are given below but for further information contact:-

Pedro Larraņaga
Aero Comercial Peru S.A.
Tel.  (+51-1)-440-2121
Fax. (+51-1)-440-2121
email: aerocom@peru.itete.com.pe
Bob Agar
A.G.A.R.S.S. Pty. Ltd.
tel. (+61-8)-9291-7929
fax. (+61-8)-9291-8566
email bob@agarss.com.au
Phoebe Hauff
Spectral International Inc.
tel. (+1)-303-403-8383
fax. (+1)-303-403-8385
email pimausa@pimausa.com

STS AMSS SPECIFICATIONS

Spectral Regions and Spectral Bands 

The AMSS acquires 32 narrow spectral bands distributed across 3 important spectral regions:- 

The visible to near infra-red (VNIR). 
For the AMSS this region is between 0.4 and 1.05 mm 
The short wave infra-red (SWIR). 
  The SWIR for the AMSS covers 2.0 to 2.5 mm 
The thermal infra-red (TIR). 
  The TIR for the AMSS is between 8.0 and 12.0 mm 

The band centres and band passes of the 32 channels are:- 
 

Spectral Region

AMSS Band 

Band Centre (microns) 

 Band Pass (nanometres) 

 

1

0.413

17

 

2

0.450

17

 

3

0.488

17

 

4

0.525

17

 

5

0.563

17

 

6

0.600

17

 

7

0.638

17

VNIR

8

0.675

17

 

9

0.713

17

 

10

0.750

17

 

11

0.788

17

 

12

0.825

17

 

13

0.863

17

 

14

0.900

17

 

15

0.937

17

 

16

0.975

17

 

17

2.117

42

 

18

2.161

42

 

19

2.205

42

SWIR

20

2.249

42

 

21

2.293

42

 

22

2.337

42

 

23

2.381

42

 

24

2.425 

42

 

25

8.11 

500

 

26

8.64

500

 

27

9.17

500

TIR

28

9.70

500

 

29

10.22

500

 

30

10.75

500

 

31

11.28

500

 

32

11.81

500

 
The data for each of the channels are recorded simultaneously, with all channels sharing a common, resolution defining aperture stop.  This ensures precise band to band registration. 

The data for all channels are digitised to 16bit. 
 
Spatial Resolution and Swath 

The spatial resolution and the swath width of the AMSS are determined from the sensor’s instantaneous field of  view (IFOV = 2.1mRad) and field of view (FOV = 90o) respectively, and the height above ground level (HAGL) of the aircraft. 

The HAGL to achieve a specific ground resolution and the corresponding swath width are summarised in the following table:- 
   

Ground Resolution (pixel size, metres)

HAGL (Metres) 

HAGL (Feet) 

Swath Width (Km)

2

950

3120

1.9

 1900

 6250

3.8 

6

 2860

 9380

5.7

8

 3810

 12500

7.62

10

4760 

 15620

9.52 

 

Note:  The ground resolution and swath widths in the table are calculated for near level ground using the average HAGL for the survey area.  Actual pixel sizes and swath widths will vary depending on terrain and actual HAGL for any portion of the survey. 

Sensor Stabilisation and Navigation 

The AMSS is 3-axis stabilised to +/- 1 milliradian and has an integral GPS receiver enabling recording of time, aircraft position, speed and bearing for each scan line. 

Cost of Data Acquisition 

The STS AMSS survey costs include:- 
Data acquisition, 
Data calibration, 
Data georeferencing, 
Data processing, 
Production of mineral alteration index maps. 

Standard costs of US$40/square kilometre of ground covered include all of the above for a standard 8m pixel size. 
Costs increase proportionately for progressively smaller pixel sizes (e.g. for a 4m pixel size, the cost would be US$80/sq.km and for a 6m pixel size costs would be US$60/sq.km.). 
Local mobilisation costs of US$1,000 per hour of flying are additional. 


SFSI/CASI SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Both sensors are "push broom" technology and are portable to local aircraft.  Recorded data is delivered both radiometrically and atmospherically corrected and geocoded to either UTM or Lat/Long. 

 

SFSI

CASI

Spectral Range

1220-2320 nm

403-914 nm

Band Width

10 nm

>2 nm

S:N

500:1 at 50%

 

Swath Width

2 km

2 km

# of Bands

110

15

Ground Pixel Size

4 m

4 m

FOV

35o

35o

SFSI Costing - Peru - September / October 1999 

The objective is to put together several companies (minimum 5) to participate in an operational campaign in Peru between the end of August and the end of October.  Exact dates will be determined by the companies involved in the campaign but a minimum of 1 month will be allocated to adequately cover the work required. 

To keep costs low, many companies in Peru are being approached to share in the campaign.  The SFSI can collect data in varying pixel sizes but 4m is the one recommended.  This will produce a 2 km wide swath of data.  Each flight line can be up to 15 km long and overlaps between lines are planned according to terrain and logistical conditions. 

For example:- 
An area measuring 20 km x 20 km would take 28 flight lines at a cost of US$2,142/flight line for a total cost of US$60,000 (US$150/sq. km.). 

Smaller and larger areas can be flown to clients' requirements.  With multiple company participation, areas in all parts of Peru can be covered economically. 

The estimated price includes normal mobilisation, de-mobilisation, data acquisition and post-processing (calibration).  The customer is advised that the Campaign Group is liable to share additional costs such as stand-by time for weather, mechanical problems, political and government regulatory delays.  These would be included at the direct cost only to the individual survey company and amortized over the Campaign Group.  By splitting out these former costs, mobilisation costs are reduced and the survey costs more attractive. 

 

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